Exercise 1.4

Here is a truth table which might help you understand why the first of De Morgan’s laws is true:

\(P\) \(Q\) \(P \land Q\) \(\neg (P \land Q)\) \(\neg P\) \(\neg Q\) \(\neg P \lor \neg Q\)
T T T F F F F
T F F T F T T
F T F T T F T
F F T T T T T

Another truth table can be constructed for the other law in a similar way.